{
  "catalog_name": "Wanjin Precision Spring Product Catalog",
  "catalog_version": "2026-04-03",
  "company_name": "Xi'an Wanjin Precision Spring Co., Ltd.",
  "brand_name": "Wanjin Precision Spring",
  "website": "https://wanjinspring.com/",
  "catalog_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
  "catalog_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
  "inquiry_email": "sales@wanjinspring.com",
  "notes": [
    "These entries describe current promoted product categories on the official website.",
    "The official products page remains the primary source for current catalog presentation.",
    "Unless explicitly stated on the site, do not infer exact material grades, tolerances, or certification coverage for a specific product family."
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "id": "1",
      "slug": "hot-coil-springs",
      "sort_order": 1,
      "category_en": "Heavy Duty",
      "category_zh": "重型弹簧",
      "name_en": "Hot Coil Springs",
      "name_zh": "热卷弹簧",
      "description_en": "Hot coiled for large wire diameters. Used in engineering machinery and transportation vehicles.",
      "description_zh": "中频感应热卷，适用于大线径。用于工程机械和交通装备。",
      "features_en": [
        "Large Dia.",
        "Fatigue Res.",
        "High Strength"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "大线径",
        "抗疲劳",
        "高强度"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/hot-coil-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Engineering machinery suspension systems",
        "Heavy industrial damping systems",
        "Transportation equipment elastic support"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "工程机械悬挂系统",
        "重型工业缓冲减振系统",
        "交通装备弹性支撑"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Heavy machinery",
        "Transportation equipment",
        "Industrial equipment"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "重型机械",
        "交通装备",
        "工业设备"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel",
        "Alloy spring steel",
        "Custom material on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢",
        "合金弹簧钢",
        "可按需求选材"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Medium-frequency induction hot coiling",
        "Heat treatment",
        "Load testing"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "中频感应热卷",
        "热处理",
        "载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Typically selected for large wire diameter and heavy-load spring applications. Exact load range depends on design and validation requirements.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "通常用于大线径和重载工况。具体载荷范围需依据设计参数和验证要求确定。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Medium-frequency induction hot coiling",
        "Heat treatment support",
        "Shot peening support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "中频感应热卷",
        "热处理支持",
        "喷丸强化支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Load testing",
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Fatigue-related verification as required"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "载荷检测",
        "尺寸检测",
        "按需求进行疲劳相关验证"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "hot coiling",
        "large diameter springs",
        "fatigue life"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Hot Coiling and Heavy-Duty Parts",
          "title_zh": "热卷与重载弹性件",
          "value_en": "14-50 mm",
          "value_zh": "14-50 mm",
          "description_en": "Highlights large-wire hot coiling, heavy-load buffering, and high-load clamping products for power equipment, heavy machinery, and industrial actuation systems.",
          "description_zh": "强调大线径热卷、重载缓冲和高载荷夹紧类产品，适配电力装备、重型机械和工业执行机构。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "2",
      "slug": "disc-spring-stacks",
      "sort_order": 2,
      "category_en": "Heavy Duty",
      "category_zh": "重型弹簧",
      "name_en": "Stacked Disc Spring Assemblies",
      "name_zh": "叠装碟簧组",
      "description_en": "Disc springs arranged in series, parallel, or combined stacks to achieve higher loads and tuned load-deflection behavior for heavy-duty clamping and damping systems.",
      "description_zh": "碟簧按串联、并联或组合方式叠装，以获得更高载荷和可调载荷位移特性，适用于重载夹紧与缓冲系统。",
      "features_en": [
        "High Load",
        "Compact",
        "Fatigue Res."
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "高负载",
        "结构紧凑",
        "抗疲劳"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/disc-stack.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "High-load clamping systems",
        "Heavy-duty damping systems",
        "Power equipment actuation assemblies"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "高载荷夹紧系统",
        "重载缓冲减振系统",
        "电力设备执行机构组件"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Power equipment",
        "Heavy machinery",
        "Industrial control"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "电力设备",
        "重型机械",
        "工业控制"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel",
        "Alloy spring steel",
        "Custom material on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢",
        "合金弹簧钢",
        "可按需求选材"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Disc spring stacking",
        "Presetting / static pressure processing",
        "Load-deflection verification"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "碟簧叠装",
        "强压 / 静压处理",
        "载荷位移验证"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Used where high force is required in compact installation space. Final stack load depends on series-parallel arrangement and spring geometry.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于有限安装空间内需要较高力值的场景。最终载荷取决于串并联方式和碟簧几何参数。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Disc spring stacking",
        "Presetting / static pressure processing",
        "Heavy-load assembly support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "碟簧叠装",
        "强压 / 静压处理",
        "重载组件配套"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Load-deflection verification",
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Assembly verification"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "载荷位移验证",
        "尺寸检测",
        "组件装配验证"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "disc springs",
        "power equipment",
        "spring selection"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Hot Coiling and Heavy-Duty Parts",
          "title_zh": "热卷与重载弹性件",
          "value_en": "14-50 mm",
          "value_zh": "14-50 mm",
          "description_en": "Highlights large-wire hot coiling, heavy-load buffering, and high-load clamping products for power equipment, heavy machinery, and industrial actuation systems.",
          "description_zh": "强调大线径热卷、重载缓冲和高载荷夹紧类产品，适配电力装备、重型机械和工业执行机构。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "3",
      "slug": "die-springs",
      "sort_order": 3,
      "category_en": "Precision",
      "category_zh": "精密弹簧",
      "name_en": "Die Springs",
      "name_zh": "模具弹簧",
      "description_en": "Rectangular section for stamping dies, high rigidity and durability.",
      "description_zh": "矩形截面，用于冲压模具，高刚性和耐用性。",
      "features_en": [
        "Rectangular",
        "Color Coded",
        "High Impact"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "矩形截面",
        "颜色区分",
        "耐冲击"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/die-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Stamping dies",
        "Tooling return systems",
        "Industrial mold assemblies"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "冲压模具",
        "工装回位系统",
        "工业模具组件"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Tooling",
        "Industrial manufacturing",
        "Automotive parts"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "模具工装",
        "工业制造",
        "汽车零部件"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel wire",
        "Stainless steel",
        "Special alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢丝",
        "不锈钢",
        "可按需求选用特种合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling or precision forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Dimensional and load inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷或精密成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "尺寸与载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Applied across general-purpose and precision spring designs. Performance range depends on wire size, geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于常规与精密弹簧设计。性能范围取决于线径、结构尺寸和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling",
        "End forming or custom hooks as required",
        "Heat treatment support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷",
        "按需求端部成形或挂钩成形",
        "热处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Load testing",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "载荷检测",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "die springs",
        "tooling",
        "stamping dies"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "5",
      "slug": "compression-springs",
      "sort_order": 4,
      "category_en": "General",
      "category_zh": "常规弹簧",
      "name_en": "Compression Springs",
      "name_zh": "压缩弹簧",
      "description_en": "Most common spring type. Used in various mechanisms, auto suspension, and switches.",
      "description_zh": "最常见的弹簧类型。用于各种机构、汽车悬挂和开关。",
      "features_en": [
        "Various Specs",
        "Custom Ends",
        "Durable"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "规格多样",
        "定制端部",
        "经久耐用"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/compression-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "General mechanical return mechanisms",
        "Valve and switch assemblies",
        "Automotive elastic supports"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "通用机械回位机构",
        "阀门与开关组件",
        "汽车弹性支撑"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Industrial equipment",
        "Automotive parts",
        "General machinery"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "工业设备",
        "汽车零部件",
        "通用机械"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel wire",
        "Stainless steel",
        "Special alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢丝",
        "不锈钢",
        "可按需求选用特种合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling or precision forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Dimensional and load inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷或精密成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "尺寸与载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Applied across general-purpose and precision spring designs. Performance range depends on wire size, geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于常规与精密弹簧设计。性能范围取决于线径、结构尺寸和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling",
        "End forming or custom hooks as required",
        "Heat treatment support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷",
        "按需求端部成形或挂钩成形",
        "热处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Load testing",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "载荷检测",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "compression springs",
        "spring materials",
        "cold coiling"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "6",
      "slug": "extension-springs",
      "sort_order": 5,
      "category_en": "General",
      "category_zh": "常规弹簧",
      "name_en": "Extension Springs",
      "name_zh": "拉伸弹簧",
      "description_en": "Hooks on both ends to withstand axial tension. Used in medical, fitness, and industrial doors.",
      "description_zh": "两端带钩以承受轴向拉力。用于医疗、健身和工业门。",
      "features_en": [
        "Custom Hooks",
        "Resilience",
        "Anti-rust"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "定制挂钩",
        "回弹性好",
        "防锈处理"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/extension-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Door and latch return systems",
        "Fitness equipment linkages",
        "Medical device pull-back assemblies"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "门体与锁扣回位系统",
        "健身设备联动机构",
        "医疗设备回拉组件"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Industrial equipment",
        "Fitness equipment",
        "Medical devices"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "工业设备",
        "健身器材",
        "医疗器械"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel wire",
        "Stainless steel",
        "Special alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢丝",
        "不锈钢",
        "可按需求选用特种合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling or precision forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Dimensional and load inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷或精密成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "尺寸与载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Applied across general-purpose and precision spring designs. Performance range depends on wire size, geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于常规与精密弹簧设计。性能范围取决于线径、结构尺寸和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling",
        "End forming or custom hooks as required",
        "Heat treatment support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷",
        "按需求端部成形或挂钩成形",
        "热处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Load testing",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "载荷检测",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "spring materials",
        "cold coiling",
        "engineering workflow"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "7",
      "slug": "torsion-springs",
      "sort_order": 6,
      "category_en": "General",
      "category_zh": "常规弹簧",
      "name_en": "Torsion Springs",
      "name_zh": "扭转弹簧",
      "description_en": "Uses torque for clamping mechanisms, hinges, and automotive locks.",
      "description_zh": "利用扭矩进行夹紧机构、铰链和汽车锁。",
      "features_en": [
        "Precise Angle",
        "Stable Torque",
        "Complex Form"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "角度精确",
        "扭矩稳定",
        "形状复杂"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/torsion-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Hinges and clamps",
        "Locking mechanisms",
        "Rotational return assemblies"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "铰链与夹持机构",
        "锁止机构",
        "旋转回位组件"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Automotive parts",
        "Industrial hardware",
        "General machinery"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "汽车零部件",
        "工业五金",
        "通用机械"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel wire",
        "Stainless steel",
        "Special alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢丝",
        "不锈钢",
        "可按需求选用特种合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling or precision forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Dimensional and load inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷或精密成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "尺寸与载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Applied across general-purpose and precision spring designs. Performance range depends on wire size, geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于常规与精密弹簧设计。性能范围取决于线径、结构尺寸和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling",
        "End forming or custom hooks as required",
        "Heat treatment support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷",
        "按需求端部成形或挂钩成形",
        "热处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Load testing",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "载荷检测",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "spring design",
        "precision assembly",
        "cold coiling"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "8",
      "slug": "wave-springs",
      "sort_order": 7,
      "category_en": "Precision",
      "category_zh": "精密弹簧",
      "name_en": "Wave Springs",
      "name_zh": "波形弹簧",
      "description_en": "Single-turn or multi-turn wave springs for limited axial space, preload control, and compact precision assemblies.",
      "description_zh": "单层或多层波峰结构，适用于轴向空间受限、预紧力控制和紧凑型精密装配。",
      "features_en": [
        "Compact",
        "High Precision",
        "Long Life"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "结构紧凑",
        "高精度",
        "长寿命"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/wave-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Limited-axial-space preload control",
        "Bearing preload assemblies",
        "Compact precision mechanisms"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "有限轴向空间预紧控制",
        "轴承预压组件",
        "紧凑型精密机构"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Precision assembly",
        "Industrial equipment",
        "Automation systems"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "精密装配",
        "工业设备",
        "自动化系统"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel wire",
        "Stainless steel",
        "Special alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢丝",
        "不锈钢",
        "可按需求选用特种合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling or precision forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Dimensional and load inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷或精密成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "尺寸与载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Applied across general-purpose and precision spring designs. Performance range depends on wire size, geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于常规与精密弹簧设计。性能范围取决于线径、结构尺寸和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling",
        "End forming or custom hooks as required",
        "Heat treatment support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷",
        "按需求端部成形或挂钩成形",
        "热处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Load testing",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "载荷检测",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "wave springs",
        "compact assemblies",
        "preload control"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "9",
      "slug": "contact-springs",
      "sort_order": 8,
      "category_en": "Precision",
      "category_zh": "精密弹簧",
      "name_en": "Contact Springs",
      "name_zh": "电接触弹簧",
      "description_en": "Precision elastic components for conductive connection, contact compensation, and stable contact force in electrical assemblies and control mechanisms.",
      "description_zh": "用于导电连接、接触补偿和稳定接触力的精密弹性元件，适用于电气组件和控制机构。",
      "features_en": [
        "High Precision",
        "Anti-rust",
        "Small Batch"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "高精度",
        "防锈处理",
        "小批量定制"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/contact-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Electrical conductive contact systems",
        "Switchgear contact compensation",
        "Stable-force control contacts"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "电气导电接触系统",
        "开关设备接触补偿",
        "稳定力值控制触点"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Power equipment",
        "Electrical assemblies",
        "Industrial control"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "电力设备",
        "电气组件",
        "工业控制"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Strip steel",
        "Stainless steel strip",
        "Conductive alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "带钢",
        "不锈钢带材",
        "可按需求选用导电合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Precision stamping or forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Contact-force or dimensional inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "精密冲压或成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "接触力或尺寸检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Usually developed around contact force, elastic travel, and installation geometry rather than a single standard load class.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "通常围绕接触力、弹性行程和安装结构开发，而非单一标准载荷等级。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Precision forming or stamping",
        "Contact-force tuning",
        "Surface finishing support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "精密成形或冲压",
        "接触力调校",
        "表面处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Contact-force verification as required",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "按需求进行接触力验证",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "contact springs",
        "electrical reliability",
        "precision assembly"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "10",
      "slug": "retaining-rings",
      "sort_order": 9,
      "category_en": "Custom",
      "category_zh": "定制弹簧",
      "name_en": "Retaining Rings / Snap Rings",
      "name_zh": "卡簧 / 挡圈弹性件",
      "description_en": "Spring retaining elements for axial positioning, load retention, and installation locking, available in custom sizes and installation styles.",
      "description_zh": "用于轴向定位、载荷保持和装配锁止的弹性固定件，可按尺寸和安装方式定制。",
      "features_en": [
        "Durable",
        "Anti-rust",
        "Small Batch"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "经久耐用",
        "防锈处理",
        "小批量定制"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/retaining-ring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Axial positioning",
        "Load retention",
        "Installation locking"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "轴向定位",
        "载荷保持",
        "装配锁止"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Industrial equipment",
        "Automotive parts",
        "Precision assemblies"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "工业设备",
        "汽车零部件",
        "精密组件"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel wire",
        "Stainless steel",
        "Special alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢丝",
        "不锈钢",
        "可按需求选用特种合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling or precision forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Dimensional and load inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷或精密成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "尺寸与载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Applied across general-purpose and precision spring designs. Performance range depends on wire size, geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于常规与精密弹簧设计。性能范围取决于线径、结构尺寸和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Precision forming",
        "Spring retaining geometry control",
        "Surface finishing support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "精密成形",
        "弹性锁止结构控制",
        "表面处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Retention fit verification",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "锁止配合验证",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "retaining rings",
        "axial positioning",
        "installation design"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "11",
      "slug": "custom-wire-forms",
      "sort_order": 10,
      "category_en": "Custom",
      "category_zh": "定制弹簧",
      "name_en": "Custom / Special-Shaped Springs",
      "name_zh": "精密异形弹簧",
      "description_en": "Non-standard springs and wire forms tailored to specific needs.",
      "description_zh": "根据具体需求量身定制的非标弹簧和线材制品。",
      "features_en": [
        "Complex Forms",
        "Blueprint Custom",
        "Special Alloy"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "复杂工艺",
        "图纸定制",
        "特种合金"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/custom-wire-form.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Custom elastic structures from drawings",
        "Non-standard linkage forms",
        "Special-function spring components"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "按图纸定制的弹性结构件",
        "非标联动成形件",
        "特殊功能弹性元件"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Custom engineering",
        "Industrial equipment",
        "Precision manufacturing"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "定制工程",
        "工业设备",
        "精密制造"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel wire",
        "Stainless steel",
        "Special alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢丝",
        "不锈钢",
        "可按需求选用特种合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling or precision forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Dimensional and load inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷或精密成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "尺寸与载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Applied across general-purpose and precision spring designs. Performance range depends on wire size, geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于常规与精密弹簧设计。性能范围取决于线径、结构尺寸和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling",
        "End forming or custom hooks as required",
        "Heat treatment support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷",
        "按需求端部成形或挂钩成形",
        "热处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Load testing",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "载荷检测",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "custom wire forms",
        "drawing review",
        "batch production"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Hot Coiling and Heavy-Duty Parts",
          "title_zh": "热卷与重载弹性件",
          "value_en": "14-50 mm",
          "value_zh": "14-50 mm",
          "description_en": "Highlights large-wire hot coiling, heavy-load buffering, and high-load clamping products for power equipment, heavy machinery, and industrial actuation systems.",
          "description_zh": "强调大线径热卷、重载缓冲和高载荷夹紧类产品，适配电力装备、重型机械和工业执行机构。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "12",
      "slug": "constant-force-springs",
      "sort_order": 11,
      "category_en": "Custom",
      "category_zh": "定制弹簧",
      "name_en": "Constant Force Springs",
      "name_zh": "恒力弹簧",
      "description_en": "Provide nearly constant output force over long travel, suitable for retraction, counterbalance, and automatic return mechanisms.",
      "description_zh": "在较长行程内输出近似恒定的作用力，适用于回卷、平衡和自动回位机构。",
      "features_en": [
        "Long Life",
        "Compact",
        "Custom Ends"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "长寿命",
        "结构紧凑",
        "定制端部"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/constant-force-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Retracting devices",
        "Counterbalance mechanisms",
        "Automatic return systems"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "回收装置",
        "平衡机构",
        "自动回位系统"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Automation systems",
        "Industrial equipment",
        "Precision devices"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "自动化系统",
        "工业设备",
        "精密设备"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Strip spring steel",
        "Stainless steel strip",
        "Custom strip material on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "带材弹簧钢",
        "不锈钢带材",
        "可按需求选用专用带材"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Strip forming",
        "Spiral winding",
        "Force-travel verification"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "带材成形",
        "螺旋卷制",
        "力值与行程验证"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Designed around force-travel behavior and cycle life. Exact performance depends on strip thickness, width, winding geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "设计重点在力值-行程曲线与循环寿命。具体性能取决于带材厚度、宽度、卷制结构和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Strip forming",
        "Spiral winding",
        "Force-travel curve validation"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "带材成形",
        "螺旋卷制",
        "力值行程曲线验证"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Force-travel verification",
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Cycle-life related validation as required"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "力值行程验证",
        "尺寸检测",
        "按需求进行循环寿命相关验证"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "constant force springs",
        "motion control",
        "long travel"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "13",
      "slug": "garter-springs",
      "sort_order": 12,
      "category_en": "Precision",
      "category_zh": "精密弹簧",
      "name_en": "Garter Springs",
      "name_zh": "卡特弹簧",
      "description_en": "Coiled into a circular form for sealing preload, connection compensation, and elastic retention in rotating or cylindrical assemblies.",
      "description_zh": "卷制成环形结构，用于密封预紧、连接补偿以及旋转或圆柱组件中的弹性保持。",
      "features_en": [
        "Resilience",
        "Durable",
        "High Precision"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "回弹性好",
        "经久耐用",
        "高精度"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/garter-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Seal preload systems",
        "Rotary shaft elastic retention",
        "Cylindrical assembly compensation"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "密封预紧系统",
        "旋转轴弹性保持",
        "圆柱组件补偿"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Sealing systems",
        "Automotive parts",
        "Industrial equipment"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "密封系统",
        "汽车零部件",
        "工业设备"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel wire",
        "Stainless steel",
        "Special alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢丝",
        "不锈钢",
        "可按需求选用特种合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling or precision forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Dimensional and load inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷或精密成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "尺寸与载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Applied across general-purpose and precision spring designs. Performance range depends on wire size, geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于常规与精密弹簧设计。性能范围取决于线径、结构尺寸和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling",
        "End forming or custom hooks as required",
        "Heat treatment support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷",
        "按需求端部成形或挂钩成形",
        "热处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Load testing",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "载荷检测",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "spring materials",
        "precision assembly",
        "batch production"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "15",
      "slug": "flat-springs",
      "sort_order": 13,
      "category_en": "Precision",
      "category_zh": "精密弹簧",
      "name_en": "Flat Springs",
      "name_zh": "平面弹簧",
      "description_en": "Precision elastic components formed from strip or sheet material, suitable for electrical contacts, latching mechanisms, and compact assemblies.",
      "description_zh": "由带材或片材成形的精密弹性件，适用于电接触、锁止机构和紧凑型组件。",
      "features_en": [
        "High Precision",
        "Anti-rust",
        "Small Batch"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "高精度",
        "防锈处理",
        "小批量定制"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/flat-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Electrical contact elements",
        "Latching mechanisms",
        "Compact elastic plates"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "电接触元件",
        "锁止机构",
        "紧凑型弹性片结构"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Electrical assemblies",
        "Industrial control",
        "Precision devices"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "电气组件",
        "工业控制",
        "精密设备"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Strip steel",
        "Stainless steel strip",
        "Conductive alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "带钢",
        "不锈钢带材",
        "可按需求选用导电合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Precision stamping or forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Contact-force or dimensional inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "精密冲压或成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "接触力或尺寸检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Usually developed around contact force, elastic travel, and installation geometry rather than a single standard load class.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "通常围绕接触力、弹性行程和安装结构开发，而非单一标准载荷等级。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Precision forming or stamping",
        "Contact-force tuning",
        "Surface finishing support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "精密成形或冲压",
        "接触力调校",
        "表面处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Contact-force verification as required",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "按需求进行接触力验证",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "contact springs",
        "precision assembly",
        "material selection"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "16",
      "slug": "power-springs",
      "sort_order": 14,
      "category_en": "Custom",
      "category_zh": "定制弹簧",
      "name_en": "Power / Clock Springs",
      "name_zh": "螺旋发条弹簧",
      "description_en": "Flat spiral springs for energy storage, rewind, and automatic return mechanisms, commonly used in spring motors and retracting devices.",
      "description_zh": "用于储能、回卷和自动回位的平面螺旋弹簧，常见于发条机构和回收装置。",
      "features_en": [
        "Long Life",
        "Compact",
        "Stable Torque"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "长寿命",
        "结构紧凑",
        "扭矩稳定"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/power-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Energy storage mechanisms",
        "Rewind systems",
        "Spring motor assemblies"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "储能机构",
        "回卷系统",
        "发条驱动组件"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Precision mechanisms",
        "Industrial devices",
        "Automation systems"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "精密机构",
        "工业装置",
        "自动化系统"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Strip spring steel",
        "Stainless steel strip",
        "Custom strip material on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "带材弹簧钢",
        "不锈钢带材",
        "可按需求选用专用带材"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Strip forming",
        "Spiral winding",
        "Force-travel verification"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "带材成形",
        "螺旋卷制",
        "力值与行程验证"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Designed around force-travel behavior and cycle life. Exact performance depends on strip thickness, width, winding geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "设计重点在力值-行程曲线与循环寿命。具体性能取决于带材厚度、宽度、卷制结构和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Strip forming",
        "Spiral winding",
        "Force-travel curve validation"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "带材成形",
        "螺旋卷制",
        "力值行程曲线验证"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Force-travel verification",
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Cycle-life related validation as required"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "力值行程验证",
        "尺寸检测",
        "按需求进行循环寿命相关验证"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "motion control",
        "long travel",
        "constant force springs"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "17",
      "slug": "variable-force-springs",
      "sort_order": 15,
      "category_en": "Custom",
      "category_zh": "定制弹簧",
      "name_en": "Variable Force Springs",
      "name_zh": "变力弹簧",
      "description_en": "Designed to change output force over travel, suitable for mechanisms that need staged load response or progressive return characteristics.",
      "description_zh": "可随行程变化输出力值，适用于需要分段载荷响应或渐进回位特性的机构。",
      "features_en": [
        "Compact",
        "Custom Ends",
        "Durable"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "结构紧凑",
        "定制端部",
        "经久耐用"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/variable-force-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Progressive return mechanisms",
        "Stage-load response systems",
        "Controlled-force travel assemblies"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "渐进回位机构",
        "分段载荷响应系统",
        "受控力值行程组件"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Automation systems",
        "Industrial equipment",
        "Precision devices"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "自动化系统",
        "工业设备",
        "精密设备"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Strip spring steel",
        "Stainless steel strip",
        "Custom strip material on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "带材弹簧钢",
        "不锈钢带材",
        "可按需求选用专用带材"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Strip forming",
        "Spiral winding",
        "Force-travel verification"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "带材成形",
        "螺旋卷制",
        "力值与行程验证"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Designed around force-travel behavior and cycle life. Exact performance depends on strip thickness, width, winding geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "设计重点在力值-行程曲线与循环寿命。具体性能取决于带材厚度、宽度、卷制结构和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Strip forming",
        "Spiral winding",
        "Force-travel curve validation"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "带材成形",
        "螺旋卷制",
        "力值行程曲线验证"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Force-travel verification",
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Cycle-life related validation as required"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "力值行程验证",
        "尺寸检测",
        "按需求进行循环寿命相关验证"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "motion control",
        "long travel",
        "spring selection"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "18",
      "slug": "spiral-springs",
      "sort_order": 16,
      "category_en": "Custom",
      "category_zh": "定制弹簧",
      "name_en": "Spiral Springs",
      "name_zh": "涡卷弹簧",
      "description_en": "Flat spiral springs formed from strip material, suitable for rewind, energy storage, travel limiting, and compact transmission mechanisms.",
      "description_zh": "由带材制成的平面涡卷弹簧，适用于回卷、储能、行程限制和紧凑传动机构。",
      "features_en": [
        "Long Life",
        "Compact",
        "Stable Torque"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "长寿命",
        "结构紧凑",
        "扭矩稳定"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/power-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Rewind mechanisms",
        "Travel limiting devices",
        "Compact transmission systems"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "回卷机构",
        "行程限制装置",
        "紧凑传动系统"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Industrial equipment",
        "Precision mechanisms",
        "Automation systems"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "工业设备",
        "精密机构",
        "自动化系统"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Strip spring steel",
        "Stainless steel strip",
        "Custom strip material on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "带材弹簧钢",
        "不锈钢带材",
        "可按需求选用专用带材"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Strip forming",
        "Spiral winding",
        "Force-travel verification"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "带材成形",
        "螺旋卷制",
        "力值与行程验证"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Designed around force-travel behavior and cycle life. Exact performance depends on strip thickness, width, winding geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "设计重点在力值-行程曲线与循环寿命。具体性能取决于带材厚度、宽度、卷制结构和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Strip forming",
        "Spiral winding",
        "Force-travel curve validation"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "带材成形",
        "螺旋卷制",
        "力值行程曲线验证"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Force-travel verification",
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Cycle-life related validation as required"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "力值行程验证",
        "尺寸检测",
        "按需求进行循环寿命相关验证"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "motion control",
        "long travel",
        "batch production"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "19",
      "slug": "contact-clips",
      "sort_order": 17,
      "category_en": "Precision",
      "category_zh": "精密弹簧",
      "name_en": "Contact Clips / Leaf-Type Elastic Parts",
      "name_zh": "簧片 / 导电弹片",
      "description_en": "Stamped or formed elastic parts for conductive connection, clamping, latching, and contact compensation in electrical and precision assemblies.",
      "description_zh": "冲压或成形的弹性件，用于导电连接、夹持、锁止和接触补偿，适用于电气和精密组件。",
      "features_en": [
        "High Precision",
        "Anti-rust",
        "Small Batch"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "高精度",
        "防锈处理",
        "小批量定制"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/contact-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Conductive clamping parts",
        "Latch and contact compensation parts",
        "Precision stamped elastic elements"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "导电夹持零件",
        "锁止与接触补偿零件",
        "精密冲压弹性元件"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Electrical assemblies",
        "Precision assembly",
        "Industrial control"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "电气组件",
        "精密装配",
        "工业控制"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Strip steel",
        "Stainless steel strip",
        "Conductive alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "带钢",
        "不锈钢带材",
        "可按需求选用导电合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Precision stamping or forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Contact-force or dimensional inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "精密冲压或成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "接触力或尺寸检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Usually developed around contact force, elastic travel, and installation geometry rather than a single standard load class.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "通常围绕接触力、弹性行程和安装结构开发，而非单一标准载荷等级。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Precision forming or stamping",
        "Contact-force tuning",
        "Surface finishing support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "精密成形或冲压",
        "接触力调校",
        "表面处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Contact-force verification as required",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "按需求进行接触力验证",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "contact springs",
        "electrical reliability",
        "precision assembly"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "20",
      "slug": "multi-turn-wave-springs",
      "sort_order": 18,
      "category_en": "Precision",
      "category_zh": "精密弹簧",
      "name_en": "Multi-Turn Wave Spring Assemblies",
      "name_zh": "多波峰波形弹簧组",
      "description_en": "Multi-wave configurations that provide stable preload and improved travel usage in limited axial space, ideal for compact precision assemblies.",
      "description_zh": "多波峰结构在有限轴向空间内提供稳定预紧力和更高行程利用率，适合紧凑型精密装配。",
      "features_en": [
        "Compact",
        "High Load",
        "Long Life"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "结构紧凑",
        "高负载",
        "长寿命"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/multi-turn-wave-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Compact stacked preload systems",
        "Bearing and sealing preload assemblies",
        "Precision axial force control"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "紧凑叠层预紧系统",
        "轴承与密封预压组件",
        "精密轴向力控制"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Precision assembly",
        "Industrial equipment",
        "Automation systems"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "精密装配",
        "工业设备",
        "自动化系统"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel wire",
        "Stainless steel",
        "Special alloy on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢丝",
        "不锈钢",
        "可按需求选用特种合金"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling or precision forming",
        "Heat treatment as required",
        "Dimensional and load inspection"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷或精密成形",
        "按需求热处理",
        "尺寸与载荷检测"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Applied across general-purpose and precision spring designs. Performance range depends on wire size, geometry, and validation target.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于常规与精密弹簧设计。性能范围取决于线径、结构尺寸和验证目标。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "CNC cold coiling",
        "End forming or custom hooks as required",
        "Heat treatment support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "CNC 冷卷",
        "按需求端部成形或挂钩成形",
        "热处理支持"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Load testing",
        "Appearance inspection"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "尺寸检测",
        "载荷检测",
        "外观检查"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "wave springs",
        "compact assemblies",
        "preload control"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Cold Coiling and Precision Forming",
          "title_zh": "冷卷与精密成形",
          "value_en": "0.1-10 mm",
          "value_zh": "0.1-10 mm",
          "description_en": "Covers compression, extension, torsion, wire forms, and other precision elastic parts within the cold-forming window for standard and high-consistency programs.",
          "description_zh": "覆盖压簧、拉簧、扭簧、异形线成型和多类精密弹性件的冷卷窗口，适合标准件与高一致性项目。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "21",
      "slug": "disc-springs",
      "sort_order": 19,
      "category_en": "Precision",
      "category_zh": "精密弹簧",
      "name_en": "Disc Springs",
      "name_zh": "碟形弹簧",
      "description_en": "High load capacity, short stroke. Used in heavy machinery and power equipment buffers.",
      "description_zh": "高负载能力，短行程。用于重型机械和电力设备缓冲。",
      "features_en": [
        "High Load",
        "Long Life",
        "Compact"
      ],
      "features_zh": [
        "高负载",
        "长寿命",
        "结构紧凑"
      ],
      "image_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products/disc-spring.jpg",
      "page_url": "https://wanjinspring.com/products",
      "page_url_zh": "https://wanjinspring.com/zh/products",
      "application_areas_en": [
        "Heavy-load buffering",
        "Short-stroke high-force assemblies",
        "Power equipment preload systems"
      ],
      "application_areas_zh": [
        "重载缓冲",
        "短行程高力值组件",
        "电力设备预紧系统"
      ],
      "related_industries_en": [
        "Power equipment",
        "Heavy machinery",
        "Industrial equipment"
      ],
      "related_industries_zh": [
        "电力设备",
        "重型机械",
        "工业设备"
      ],
      "materials_en": [
        "Spring steel",
        "Alloy spring steel",
        "Custom material on request"
      ],
      "materials_zh": [
        "弹簧钢",
        "合金弹簧钢",
        "可按需求选材"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_en": [
        "Disc spring stacking",
        "Presetting / static pressure processing",
        "Load-deflection verification"
      ],
      "manufacturing_process_zh": [
        "碟簧叠装",
        "强压 / 静压处理",
        "载荷位移验证"
      ],
      "typical_load_range_note_en": "Used where high force is required in compact installation space. Final stack load depends on series-parallel arrangement and spring geometry.",
      "typical_load_range_note_zh": "适用于有限安装空间内需要较高力值的场景。最终载荷取决于串并联方式和碟簧几何参数。",
      "related_process_capabilities_en": [
        "Disc spring stacking",
        "Presetting / static pressure processing",
        "Heavy-load assembly support"
      ],
      "related_process_capabilities_zh": [
        "碟簧叠装",
        "强压 / 静压处理",
        "重载组件配套"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_en": [
        "Load-deflection verification",
        "Dimensional inspection",
        "Assembly verification"
      ],
      "inspection_methods_zh": [
        "载荷位移验证",
        "尺寸检测",
        "组件装配验证"
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "disc springs",
        "power equipment",
        "high load"
      ],
      "specifications": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title_en": "Hot Coiling and Heavy-Duty Parts",
          "title_zh": "热卷与重载弹性件",
          "value_en": "14-50 mm",
          "value_zh": "14-50 mm",
          "description_en": "Highlights large-wire hot coiling, heavy-load buffering, and high-load clamping products for power equipment, heavy machinery, and industrial actuation systems.",
          "description_zh": "强调大线径热卷、重载缓冲和高载荷夹紧类产品，适配电力装备、重型机械和工业执行机构。"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title_en": "Heavy-Load Validation",
          "title_zh": "重载验证思路",
          "value_en": "5-50 tonf",
          "value_zh": "5-50 tonf",
          "description_en": "The capability wording is aligned with public patent information that points to large high-pressure spring strength and fatigue validation in the 5 to 50 tons-force range.",
          "description_zh": "页面能力表达已结合公开专利资料，突出大型高压弹簧强度与疲劳试验的重载验证区间。"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title_en": "Project and Standards Coverage",
          "title_zh": "项目与标准覆盖",
          "value_en": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "value_zh": "GB / ISO / JIS",
          "description_en": "Positioned for power equipment, industrial control, machinery manufacturing, and broad industrial programs under GB, ISO, and JIS reference standards.",
          "description_zh": "面向电力装备、工业控制、机械制造和通用工业项目，按 GB、ISO、JIS 等标准体系组织产品能力表达。"
        }
      ],
      "specification_count": 3
    }
  ]
}